Chandrayaan 3 fast approaches lunar orbit touchdown: Why no country has ever landed on Moon?

The Chandrayaan 3 spacecraft will soon make a landing on the moon's surface. It will be the first spacecraft to land on the South Pole of the Moon. ISRO has equipped the unmanned spacecraft with tools that will conduct some experiments on the Moon for a period of 14 Earth days. 

The previous two Chandrayaan missions failed to achieve their goals and now ISRO has launched its third spacecraft to explore the Moon. 

The Lunar South Pole is very difficult to make a landing. Some of the major reasons include the darkness and excessively cold temperatures that go as low as -230 degrees Celsius. The low temperature becomes an obstacle to the operation of electronic instruments that are needed in the exploration of the Lunar South Pole. 

Additionally, the sunlight remains at the Lunar South Pole for 14 Earth days followed by 14 days of darkness. These factors add to making the landing on the Moon's south pole very expensive. Also, it provides a very narrow window for the researchers to launch the spacecraft for it to reach the Moon at a time when the weather conditions are ideal for conducting explorations. 

Read: ISRO releases first images of moon captured by Chandrayaan 3 spacecraft