At 8:15 am on August 6, 1945, the US B-29 warplane Enola Gay dropped a bomb nicknamed "Little Boy" and obliterated the city of Hiroshima.
Bells tolled in Hiroshima, on Saturday, as the city marked the 77th anniversary of the world's first atomic bombing. Several officials including the United Nations Secretary-General warned of a new arms race following Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24, and, shortly after, Russian President Vladimir Putin transversely raised the possibility of a nuclear strike. The conflict has also heightened concerns about the safety of Ukraine's nuclear plants.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres joined the thousands packed into the Peace Park in the centre of Hiroshima to mark the anniversary of the bombing that killed 1,40,000 before the end of 1945, only the second time a UN Secretary-General has taken part in the annual ceremony.
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"Nuclear weapons are nonsense. They guarantee no safety - only death and destruction. Three-quarters of a century later, we must ask what we've learned from the mushroom cloud that swelled above this city in 1945," Guterres said.
Hiroshima mayor Kazumi Matsui, whose city this year did not invite the Russian ambassador to the ceremony, was more pointed and critical of Moscow's military actions in Ukraine.
"In invading Ukraine, the Russian leader, elected to protect the lives and property of his people, is using them as instruments of war, stealing the lives and livelihoods of civilians in a different country," Matsui said. "Around the world, the notion that peace depends on nuclear deterrence gains momentum," Matsui added.
"These errors betray humanity's determination, born of our experiences of war, to achieve a peaceful world free from nuclear weapons. To accept the status quo and abandon the ideal of peace maintained without military force is to threaten the very survival of the human race."
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For the unversed, at 8:15 am on August 6, 1945, the US B-29 warplane Enola Gay dropped a bomb nicknamed "Little Boy" and obliterated the city with an estimated population of 3,50,000. Thousands more died later from injuries and radiation-related illnesses.
On Saturday, as cicadas shrilled in the heavy summer air, the Peace Bell sounded and the crowd, including Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, who is from Hiroshima, observed a moment of silence at the exact time the bomb exploded.
"At the start of this year, the five nuclear-weapon states issued a joint statement, "Nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought. Why do they not attempt to fulfill their promises? Why do some even hint at using nuclear weapons?" Matsui added.
On Thursday, the Russian ambassador to Japan Mikhail Galuzin offered flowers at a memorial stone in the park and told reporters his nation would never use nuclear weapons. The Hiroshima catastrophe was followed by the US military's atomic bombing of Nagasaki on August 9, instantly killing more than 75,000 people. Japan surrendered six days later, ending World War II.
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 "77 years of Hiroshima: City fears new arms race amid Russia-Ukraine war, prays for peace")
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