The highest rates of incidents, on "all anatomical sites" among males, meaning all different kinds of cancers, is seen in Aizawl district in Mizoram, and among females in Papumpare district in Arunachal Pradesh.
India can expect to see 14.5 lakh new cases of cancer in 2016, a number which will go up to 17.3 lakh new cases by 2020, said two new reports released by the Indian Council of Medical Research on Wednesday, with tobacco linked to almost 30% of all cancers. The reports, on the status of cancer in the country, based on data collected from population-based and hospital-based cancer registries throughout the country, charted the prevalence of different kinds of cancers from 2012-2014, and have been used to project and estimate for the coming few years.
Of these numbers, cancer of the breast will have an estimated 1.5 lakh new cases in 2016, 10% of all the cases, with 1.45 in women and 0.05 in men. This makes it the highest prevalent cancer in the country. Cancer of the lung will have the next highest disease burden, with 1.14 lakh cases, 83,000 in men and 31,000 in women, and 1.4 lakh in 2020. Cancer of the cervix, previously the most prevalent cancer in women, has become the third most common cancer with an estimated 1 lakh new cases in 2016, 1.04 in 2020.
All kinds of cancers were on the rise among men in Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi and women in Bengaluru, Barshi district of Maharashtra, and Bhopal. Men saw a "significant" increase in colon cancers, rectum and prostrate in metro cities of Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, which Dr. GK Rath, cancer specialist from AIIMS, said could be due to more westernised diets in urban areas with lesser intake of vegetables.
The highest rates of incidents, on "all anatomical sites" among males, meaning all different kinds of cancers, is seen in Aizawl district in Mizoram, and among females in Papumpare district in Arunachal Pradesh.
Spread over the country, cancer of the mouth was the leading anatomical site among men, in western parts of the country -- Ahmedabad (urban), Nagpur, Pune, Wardha) and in Bhopal. It was second in the registries in Mumbai and Aurangabad. Lung cancer among men lead in 10 of the 27 population based registries (PCBR) in the country.
In women, cancer of the breast lead in 19 of the 27 PCBRs, while of the cervix lead in rural areas in Barshi district, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Tripura, Nagaland.
The displacement of cervical cancer by that of the breast caused some interest, with specialists saying they don't know for sure what could be the reason. Prof Ravi Mehrotra, Director Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, said that rising literacy, awareness, sanitation, could lead to the gradual decrease in cervical cancer, as seen in registries from Bengaluru, Barshi, Bhopal, Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai. However, as Dr. Elizabeth Vallikad of St.Johns Hospital Bengaluru said, that most probably the rural population's undetected disease burden of cervical cancer was not taken into account.
Flagship programme
The cancer registry programme of the ICMR, called its flagship programme by the DG Dr Soumya Swaminathan, has been mapping cancer in India since 1982. Over the years registries have been established in more regions, letting scientists and policy makers have an idea of what cancer spreads where, giving them a chance to probe geographical factors and tailor interventions accordingly. Some of the newer registries from states in the north eastern parts of India threw up "peculiar" data, as Dr. Swaminathan put it, with fairly alarming rates of cancer incidences among the populace.
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