General Nikolai Makarov said the delivery of the high-precision missiles would violate UN sanctions Moscow has supported, Russian news agencies reported.
Russia will not deliver S-300 air-defence missiles to Iran, the armed forces chief of staff said on Wednesday, confirming a government decision to hold off on a deal that has deeply worried Washington and Israel.
General Nikolai Makarov said the delivery of the high-precision missiles would violate UN sanctions Moscow has supported, Russian news agencies reported.
"A decision was taken not to supply S-300s to Iran, they definitely fall under sanctions," Makarov was quoted as saying by state-run RIA.
The remarks were the first confirmation from a senior Russian official of Moscow's decision not to deliver the missiles, a sign of Russia's increasing willingness to join the West in putting pressure on Tehran over its nuclear programme.
French officials had said that Prime Minister Vladimir Putin told France's President Nicolas Sarkozy in June that Moscow would freeze the missile deal.
Before that, Russian officials had made conflicting statements about whether new sanctions against Iran would prevent the sale.
The S-300 is a mobile, long-range air defence system that can detect, track and destroy ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and low-flying aircraft.
Iran announced a deal to acquire S-300s from Russia in 2007, and Russia has used it as a lever in diplomacy with Tehran and the West.
The United States and Israel, Iran's foes and rivals for predominance in the Middle East, have opposed the sale because it could give Iran the means to withstand air strikes aimed at knocking out its nuclear sites.
Russia's ties with Israel and the United States have been warming and the Kremlin has expressed irritation with Tehran's defiance of efforts to rein in its nuclear program.
Russia angered Israel and caused US concern by saying last week that it would go ahead with a $300 million sale of Yakhont anti-ship cruise missiles to Syria.
Russian officials have rejected Israeli concerns that the missiles could fall into the hands of Hezbollah guerrillas in neighbouring Lebanon.
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