Shubhanshu Shukla to return Earth: Here are 7 experiments Axiom 4 crew conducted in space

This experiment aimed to understand the effects of space on human muscle cell development. It explored the pathways leading to muscle atrophy in microgravity and potential therapeutic strategies to counteract it. 

This experiment involved studying the Indian strain of tardigrades (also known as water bears) in microgravity. The research focused on their survival, revival, reproduction, and changes in gene expression under these conditions. 

This experiment focused on the germination and growth of methi (fenugreek) and moong (mung bean) seeds in microgravity. The findings could have implications for in-orbit food production and sustainability on long-duration space missions.

This experiment involved tracking the growth of two cyanobacteria variants in space. These microorganisms could be crucial for closed-loop life support systems in future long-duration space missions. 

This experiment studied the growth, metabolism, and genetic activity of three microalgae strains in space. Microalgae are known for their ability to produce oxygen, absorb carbon dioxide, and provide nutritional value, making them potentially important for space exploration. 

The crew analysed gaze, touch, and eye movement to understand the cognitive and motor changes caused by microgravity. The goal was to improve the design of control systems for spacecraft and future space habitats.

Six crop seed varieties were studied to assess the effects of spaceflight, with subsequent growth for preferred traits and genetic analysis. The research explores how crops can be cultivated in space for future exploration missions.