Scientists identify color of dinosaur feathers for first time

In a new research, scientists have identified the colour of some feathers on dinosaurs and early birds for the first time.The research found that the theropod dinosaur Sinosauropteryx had simple bristles - precursors of feathers - in alternate orange and white rings down its tail, and that the early bird Confuciusornis had patches of white, black and orange-brown colouring.  According to Mike Benton, professor of Palaeontology at the University of Bristol, "Our research provides extraordinary insights into the origin of feathers." "In particular, it helps to resolve a long-standing debate about the original function of feathers - whether they were used for flight, insulation, or display. We now know that feathers came before wings, so feathers did not originate as flight structures," he said. "We therefore suggest that feathers first arose as agents for colour display and only later in their evolutionary history did they become useful for flight and insulation," he added.The team of palaeontologists from the University of Bristol, UK, the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) in Beijing, University College Dublin and the Open University report two kinds of melanosomes found in the feathers of numerous birds and dinosaurs from the world-famous Jehol beds of NE China. Melanosomes are colour-bearing organelles buried within the structure of feathers and hair in modern birds and mammals, giving black, grey, and rufous tones such as orange and brown. Because melanosomes are an integral part of the tough protein structure of the feather, they survive when a feather survives, even for hundreds of millions of years.This is the first report of melanosomes found in the feathers of dinosaurs and early birds. It is also the first report of phaeomelanosomes in fossil feathers, the organelles that provide rufous and brown colours. These discoveries confirm the substantial body of evidence that suggests birds evolved through a long line of theropod (flesh-eating) dinosaurs. It also demonstrates that the unique assemblage of characters that make a modern bird - feathers, wings, lightweight skeleton, enhanced metabolic system, enlarged brain and visual systems - evolved step-by-step over some 50 million years of dinosaur evolution, through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods."These discoveries open up a whole new area of research, allowing us to explore aspects of the life and behaviour of dinosaurs and early birds that lived over 100 million years ago," said Benton.