Scientists discover previously unknown four-legged whale, traces its evolution from land to sea

On Wednesday, scientists revealed that they have discovered the 43-million-year-old fossil in Egypt. The fossil is of a previously unknown amphibious four-legged whale that helps trace the transition of whales from land to sea.

The Egyptian-led team of researchers said in a statement that the newly found fossil belongs to a group of extinct whales that falls in the middle of that transition called Protocetidae.

Its fossil was unearthed from middle Eocene rocks in the Fayum Depression in Egypt's the Western Desert -- an area once covered by the sea that has provided a rich seam of discoveries showing the evolution of whales -- before being studied at Mansoura University Vertebrate Palaeontology Centre (MUVP).

The new whale, named Phiomicetus Anubis, had an estimated body length of some three meters (10 feet) and a body mass of about 600 kg (1,300 lb), and was likely a top predator, the researchers said. Its partial skeleton revealed it as the most primitive protocetid whale known from Africa.

"Phiomicetus Anubis is a key new whale species, and a critical discovery for Egyptian and African paleontology," said Abdullah Gohar of MUVP, lead author of a paper on the discovery published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

The whale's genus name honours the Fayum Depression and the species name refers to Anubis, the ancient canine-headed Egyptian god associated with mummification and the afterlife.

Despite recent fossil discoveries, the big picture of early whale evolution in Africa has largely remained a mystery, the researchers said. Work in the region had the potential to reveal new details about the evolutionary transition from amphibious to fully aquatic whales.

With rocks covering about 12 million years, discoveries in the Fayum Depression "range from semiaquatic crocodile-like whales to giant fully aquatic whales", said Mohamed Sameh of the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, a co-author.