A year after the COVID-19 pandemic struck the world, several pharmaceutical companies across the world have produced vaccines to counter the virus.

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Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccine uses bits of genetic code to cause an immune response, and is called an mRNA vaccine.

It does not alter human cells, but merely presents the body with instructions to build immunity to COVID.

The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine uses a harmless virus altered to look a lot more like the pandemic virus.

The Pune-based Serum Institute of India (SII) has collaborated with the British-Swedish pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca, and the University of Oxford for making the COVID-19 vaccine, Covidshield.

Another vaccine candidate, Bharat Biotech's Covaxin is also a vaccine front runner and claims to offer protection against mutations of coronavirus.

Russia has also made a COVID-19 vaccine named Sputnik V, which is administered in two doses and use different components, 21 days apart.

Other than these above vaccines, there are some other vaccines too which are in the race. However, it is yet to be known that the arrival of these vaccines will see the end of the COVID-19 pandemic or not.

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