Scientists find link between gum disease, heart disease, claims study

You might believe that the heart and mouth share little in common. But more and more data points to a possible connection. The bacteria that cause gum disease may spread throughout the body, causing inflammation in the blood vessels of the heart and infection in the heart valves

Periodontitis, or gum disease, can cause a slew of dental problems, ranging from foul breath to bleeding and tooth loss. Hiroshima University researchers have discovered that it may be linked to far more serious disorders elsewhere in the body -- the heart.

An irregular heartbeat is referred to as a heart arrhythmia (uh-RITH-me-uh). When the electrical signals that control how often the heart beats are coordinated improperly, heart rhythm issues (heart arrhythmias) result. The heart beats excessively quickly (tachycardia), too slowly (bradycardia), or irregularly as a result of poor signalling.

Heart arrhythmias may not exhibit any symptoms or warning indications. During a physical examination for another medical condition, a doctor can notice your erratic heartbeat.

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In a study published in JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology, the team found a significant correlation between periodontitis and fibrosis -- scarring to an appendage of the heart`s left atrium that can lead to an irregular heartbeat called atrial fibrillation -- in a sample of 76 patients with cardiac disease.

"Periodontitis is associated with a long-standing inflammation, and inflammation plays a key role in atrial fibrosis progression and atrial fibrillation pathogenesis," said first author Shunsuke Miyauchi, assistant professor with the Hiroshima University`s Health Service Center. 

He is also affiliated with the university`s Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, adding, "We hypothesized that periodontitis exacerbates atrial fibrosis. This histological study of left atrial appendages aimed to clarify the relationship between clinical periodontitis status and degree of atrial fibrosis."

The left atrial appendages were surgically removed from the patients, and the researchers analyzed the tissue to establish the correlation between the severity of the atrial fibrosis and the severity of the gum disease. 

They found that the worse the periodontitis, the worse the fibrosis, suggesting that the inflammation of gums may intensify inflammation and disease in the heart.

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"This study provides basic evidence that periodontitis can aggravate atrial fibrosis and can be a novel modifiable risk factor for atrial fibrillation," said corresponding author Yukiko Nakano, professor of cardiovascular medicine at Hiroshima University`s Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences.

According to Nakano, in addition to improving other risk factors such as weight, activity levels, and tobacco and alcohol use, periodontal care could aid in comprehensive atrial fibrillation management. 

However, she cautioned that this study did not establish a causal relationship, meaning that while gum disease and atrial fibrosis degrees of severity appear connected, researchers have not found that one definitively leads to the other.

"Further evidence is required for establishing that periodontitis contributes to the atrial fibrosis in a causal manner and that periodontal care can alter fibrosis," Nakano said, adding."

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One of our goals is to confirm that periodontitis is a modifiable risk factor for atrial fibrillation and to promote dental specialists` participation in comprehensive atrial fibrillation management. 

Periodontitis is an easily modifiable target with lower cost among known atrial fibrillation risk factors. Thus, the achievement of this study series may bring benefits to many people worldwide.

Next, the researchers said they hope to conduct future clinical trials to clarify if periodontal intervention reduces atrial fibrillation occurrence and improves patient outcomes.

(with inputs from ANI)