DNA Explainer: Side effects of COVID-19 vaccine and why it is worse after the second jab - all you need to know

When you take any type of vaccine, there is a big possibility of mild side effects and this applies to the all-new COVID-19 vaccines too. If you look at the advantages of the COVID-19 vaccine, then these small hiccups are no big deal. Millions across the world have already received their COVID-19 vaccine shots and have experienced side effects too.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the COVID-19 vaccination will help protect you from getting the novel coronavirus. You may have some side effects, which are normal signs that your body is building protection. These side effects may affect your ability to do daily activities, but they should go away in a few days. However, some people have no side effects.

While many who receive their COVID-19 shots report feeling a little sick from the first shot, certain symptoms can also be expected after the second shot. However, post-vaccination side-effects after the second jab can be a little bit intense.

The side effects

It's routine to experience some side effects after getting the vaccine shot. Fatigue, muscle pain, soreness, fever, and a rash can be commonly experienced.

These are usually taken to be typical signs that the vaccine has ticked off an immune response as it needed to. 

Why side effects worse after the second jab

Most COVID-19 vaccines used around the world are two-dose regimes.

The first shot of the vaccines teaches the body how to react to the virus.

The second dose of the vaccine works to strengthen protection and helps your body fully prevent it.

The immune system tends to be more 'robust' when the second dose is delivered.

When you get your second shot, the body has some antibodies and a memory of the spike protein from the first injection.

When the pathogen is traced again, the cells recognize it, launch stronger inflammatory reactions which come up in the form of 'flu-like symptoms or side effects.

Helpful tips

Talk to your doctor about taking over-the-counter medications - ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, or antihistamines, for any pain and discomfort you experience.

You can take these medications to relieve post-vaccination side effects if you have no other medical reasons that prevent you from taking these medications normally.

It is not recommended you take these medicines before vaccination for the purpose of trying to prevent side effects.

However, if the redness or tenderness where you got the shot gets worse after 24 hours call the doctor.

If your side effects are worrying you or do not seem to be going away after a few days consult the doctor.

Diet to follow before and after vaccination

Keep yourself hydrated especially when you are getting the COVID-19 vaccination. This will help minimize the risk of developing severe side effects.

Avoid drinking alcohol as it can lead to dehydration, which may intensify these side effects. Alcohol will also lead to weakened immunity. 

When you decide to take the COVID-19 vaccine, consume healthy, whole-grain foods that are rich in fibre, rather than processed foods high in saturated fats.

Experts believe foods rich in fibre are crucial for a relaxed body and a good immune system. 

Avoid eating saturated fats and sugary foods that lead to stress and anxiety and cause disturbed sleep.