Economic Survey 2018: Arvind Subramanian bets 1-2 states will roll out of universal basic income soon

Chief Economic Advisor (CEA) Arvind Subramanian today expressed hope that at least one or two states will implement the idea of universal basic income (UBI) in the next two years.

Subramanian in the Economic Survey 2016-17 had mooted the idea of universal basic income or a uniform stipend paid to every adult and child, poor or rich.

"I can bet ... within the next two years, at least one or two states will implement UBI," Subramanian told reporters here.

Universal basic income (UBI) will guarantee all citizens enough income to cover their basic needs and would be easier to administer than the current anti-poverty schemes, which are plagued by waste, corruption and abuse. 

Shedding the impact of GST and demonetisation, India's economy is "picking up quite nicely," and will expand by 7-7.5 per cent in 2018-19 to again become the world's fastest growing major economy, according to the Economic Survey released today.

However, it could face challenges from rising oil prices and a sharp correction in the elevated stock prices, according to the Survey, an annual account of the state of economy prepared by the Chief Economic Adviser, independent of the government.

Released just two-days before the BJP government presents its fifth and final full-year Budget, the Survey did not rule out a pause in fiscal consolidation plan ahead of the general elections due next year.

The Economic Survey 2017-18 was presented in Parliament by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley.

The economy "seems to be picking up quite nicely and robustly" as temporary impact of demonetisation and GST has been decimated, CEA Arvind Subramanian later told reporters.

The Survey has pegged the GDP growth for the current fiscal at 6.75 per cent and said that exports as well as private investments are set to rebound in the coming year. The growth rate is higher than the recent CSO estimate of 6.5 per cent.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth was 7.1 per cent in 2016-17 and 8 per cent in the preceding year. It was 7.5 per cent in 2014-15.

The growth in the current fiscal has been marred by the rollout of a nationwide Goods and Services Tax (GST) and the after effects of demonetisation of high value currency notes in November 2016.

The good news for the economy comes just before the country heads toward several assembly elections this year and general elections scheduled before May 2019. More importantly, it points to the chaotic GST implementation finally stabilising and the waning of the after-effects of demonetisation.

Deloitte India's Lead Economist Anis Chakravarty said the Survey provides a holistic picture of the achievements of the last one year and challenges for the next year.

"It shows there are signs of upturn that are visible right now and can potentially strengthen over the next few months and are likely to be aided by exports," he said.

Subramanian said the growth would be higher than 7.5 per cent if exports pick up, but he listed oil prices and a correction in elevated share prices as downside risks.

The average price of the basket of crude India imports rose by around 14 per cent in the current fiscal and is projected to further rise by 10-15 per cent in 2018-19, the Survey said.

GDP may be impacted by 0.2-0.3 per cent, inflation will be higher by 0.2-0.3 per cent and current account deficit will widen if oil prices were to rise by USD 10 per barrel, Subramanian said.

"Against emerging macroeconomic concerns, policy vigilance will be necessary in the coming year, especially if high international oil prices persist or elevated stock prices correct sharply, provoking a 'sudden stall' in capital flows," the Survey has warned.

However, it said that with world growth likely to witness moderate improvement in 2018, expectation of greater stability in GST, likely recovery in investment levels, and ongoing structural reforms should support higher growth. "On balance, country's economic performance should witness an improvement in 2018-19."

For the next year, it prescribed: "Stabilising the GST, completing the twin balance sheet actions, privatising Air India, and staving off threats to macro-economic stability.

"Over the medium term, three areas of policy focus stand out: Employment - finding good jobs for the young and burgeoning workforce, especially for women; Education - creating an educated and healthy labour force; Agriculture - raising farm productivity while strengthening agricultural resilience."

India, it said, must continue improving the climate for rapid economic growth on the strength of the only two truly sustainable engines - private investment and exports.

It warned that economic management will be challenging in the coming year due to overall economic and political background.

"Setting overly ambitious targets for consolidation -- especially in a pre-election year -- based on optimistic forecasts that carry a high risk of not being realised will not garner credibility," said the Survey.

To further make it easier for doing business in India, it called for addressing pendency, delays and backlogs in the appellate and judicial arenas.

Gross Value Added (GVA), it said, is expected to grow by 6.1 per cent in 2017-18 as compared to 6.6 per cent in 2016- 17.