Sicilian temples facing the rising Sun sheds new light on ancient Greeks

A new research at the University of Leicester, UK, has identified scores of Sicilian temples built to face the rising Sun, shedding light on the practices of the Ancient Greeks.

Dr Alun Salt, an astronomy technician from the Centre for Interdisciplinary Science at the University of Leicester, found that out of all the temples he surveyed in Sicily, all but three faced the rising sun.

The results may imply that there is an 'astronomical fingerprint' for Greek settlers in the Mediterranean, which can distinguish between sites settled by people following the Greek religion and natives who adopted Greek style through trade, but kept their own culture.

In the ancient world, temples were not only associated with religion but were also political and economic statements.

This research helps to resolve a longstanding dispute about temple orientation.

"There are quite a few temples in Greece which don't face sunrise. So, a few archaeologists have suggested that there is nothing significant about the number that face east. The problem is that no one has ever said what a 'significant number' would be," said Dr Salt.

The research applies some simple mathematics from probability that would more usually be used in the context of coin tossing or roulette wheels.

"The situation with temples in Greece is quite complicated. It would be like spinning a roulette wheel and finding that half the time the ball bounces out of the wheel. But when it does land, 90 percent of the time it'll be on red. That looks odd to me," Dr Salt explained further.
 
In Sicily, the results even were stronger. Only one of 41 temples faced west.

"The alignments are not a hard and fast law, but have uncovered some new mysteries," Dr Salt said.