The Nasdaq Composite added 64.24 points, or 1.26%, to end at 5,163.18, just beating its previous record-high close of 5,160.095 on June 23. The S&P was also near a record high.
Wall Street ended stronger on Thursday, with the Nasdaq up more than 1% at a record high after earnings reports from eBay and Netflix boosted optimism.
Google's shares jumped more than 13% after the bell following a better-than-expected profit report.
Sentiment was also bolstered after the Greek parliament voted in favor of austerity measures. Uninspiring quarterly reports from Goldman Sachs and UnitedHealth, however, capped gains on the Dow.
The S&P has surged almost 4% from eight days ago, when widespread fears about Greece and a Chinese stock selloff pushed the index to its lowest level since March.
"It just proves the U.S. market continues to be resilient in the face of what seems like an endless list of global worries," said Jake Dollarhide, chief executive officer of Longbow Asset Management in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
The Dow Jones industrial average rose 70.08 points, or 0.39%, to 18,120.25. The S&P 500 gained 16.89 points, or 0.8%, to 2,124.29.
The Nasdaq Composite added 64.24 points, or 1.26%, to end at 5,163.18, just beating its previous record-high close of 5,160.095 on June 23. The S&P was also near a record high.
Google's Class A shares jumped 13.5% to $683 after the web search leader posted a better-than-expected profit for the first time in six quarters.
That helped extend Thursday's gains in Nasdaq 100 e-mini futures to 1.7% from 1.1% just before Google reported, suggesting the Nasdaq Composite may open stronger on Friday and potentially extend its record.
Nine of the 10 major S&P 500 sectors were higher, with the utilities index's 1.54% advance leading the gainers. The materials index was the lone laggard, down 0.24%.
The S&P 500 has recently traded at 16.8 times forward 12-months' earnings, above the 10-year average of 14.7 times, according to StarMine data.
Despite early, upbeat results this week, U.S. companies are expected to post their worst sales decline in nearly six years in the second quarter, while profit is expected to have fallen 2.9%, according to Thomson Reuters estimates.
"What this season confirms is that we are in a modest growth and modest inflation environment," said Scott Wren, senior global equity strategist at Wells Fargo Investment Institute in St. Louis.
Netflix surged 18.02% to a record high of $115.81 a day after reporting strong subscribers numbers.
Citigroup reported its highest quarterly profit in eight years. Its shares rose 3.77% to a six-and-a-half year high of $58.59.
EBay rose 3.39% to a record high of $65.59 after reporting better-than-expected quarterly profit and announcing the sale of its enterprise business.
But Goldman fell 0.84% after posting its smallest quarterly profit in nearly four years, while UnitedHealth fell 0.74% after missing analysts' cost estimates.
Advancing issues outnumbered declines on the NYSE by 2,159 to 942; on the Nasdaq, 1,852 issues rose and 945 fell.
The S&P 500 posted 46 new 52-week highs and 13 new lows; the Nasdaq Composite recorded 182 new highs and 63 new lows.
Volume was light, with about 5.6 billion shares traded on U.S. exchanges, below the 6.6 billion average so far this month, according to BATS Global Markets.
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