Adani, however, welcomed the announcement, saying, "The expansion of Abbot Point, the lifeblood of Bowen, is key to Adani's plans to deliver 10,000 direct and indirect jobs and $22 billion in taxes and royalties to Queensland."
Australia on Tuesday approved a controversial coal port expansion plan to support projects, like Indian mining giant Adani's $6.5 billion (Rs 43101.5 crore) Carmichael mine, despite warnings from environmentalists that it will damage the fragile Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef system.
The Abbot Point port involves dredging 1.1 million cubic metres of spoil near the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, which will then be disposed off on land rather than at sea.
The approval lists a number of strict conditions that the project must fulfil before going ahead, including how and where the sediment can be moved. The decision comes two months after the government approved Adani's plan to build one of the world's biggest mines.
"The approval is a big boost for Indian companies Adani and GVK, which have ambitions to build coal mines in Queensland's Galilee Basin and export via the expanded Abbot Point," Brisbane Times commented.
Abbot Point is located about 25 kilometres north of Bowen on the north Queensland coast, about 400 kilometres from the vast coal reserves of the Galilee Basin.
The expansion will create a huge port capable of handling up to 120 million tonnes of coal per annum and would enable coal to be shipped from proposed mining projects in the Galilee Basin, like Adani's Carmichael mine.
Federal Environment Minister Greg Hunt issued the approval only after re-engineering reduced dredging by 97% from the original proposal, according to his spokesman.
"All dredge material will be placed onshore on existing industrial land," he said, adding the project has been approved in accordance with national environment law subject to 30 strict conditions.
Conservationists immediately condemned the decision. "Thousands of tonnes of seafloor will be torn up and dumped next to the internationally significant Caley Valley wetlands. Sea grasses which feed dugongs and turtles will be torn up for the coal industry," Imogen Zethoven from the Australian Maritime Conservation Society, said.
The Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) said the alternative proposed for disposing of the sediment is not much better than dumping it at sea.
"Although we're pleased that the dredge spoil can no longer be dumped at sea, it's not appropriate to place it beside an internationally significant wetland, when there are better locations available further inland," WWF spokeswoman Louise Matthiesson said.
Greenpeace said the Abbot Point green light was "irresponsible for the reef, illogical and unnecessary".
Adani, however, welcomed the announcement, saying, "The expansion of Abbot Point, the lifeblood of Bowen, is key to Adani's plans to deliver 10,000 direct and indirect jobs and $22 billion in taxes and royalties to Queensland."
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometres over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres.
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