Factbox: Major issues between India and Pakistan

The foreign ministers of nuclear-armed neighbours Pakistan and India will hold their first substantive talks since the Mumbai attack of 2008 in Islamabad tomorrow.

The talks between SM Krishna and Shah Mehmood Qureshi are widely seen as the first step in trying to revive a peace process broken off in the wake of the attack on India's financial capital, but no one is expecting dramatic progress.

Here are some of the main issues between the neighbours:

Security
For India, security is the top issue. It has refused to resume a series of talks known as the composite dialogue until Pakistan takes more action against terrorist groups based in that country.

In particular, India wants Pakistan to show it is serious in reining in the terrorists behind the Mumbai attack, in which 166 people were killed.

Pakistan accuses India of backing separatists in Baluchistan and providing weapons and funding to Pakistan-based Taliban groups, charges that India denies.

Jammu & Kashmir
The divided Himalayan region of Jammu & Kashmir is at the heart of hostility between the neighbours and was the cause of two of their three wars since independence from Britain in 1947 (the third was over the founding of Bangladesh).

Separatists began an insurgency against Indian rule in 1989, a movement almost immediately backed by Pakistan, and since then tens of thousands of people have been killed. Most fighters want all of Kashmir to become part of Pakistan, but many ordinary Kashmiris want independence from both neighbours.

Krishna and Qureshi will have to sidestep another danger — getting bogged down in a blame game over the ongoing  anti-government protests in some districts of Kashmir. Violent anti-government protests have swept the state for almost a month.

Water
The two countries disagree over the use of the waters flowing down rivers that rise in Kashmir in India and run into the Indus river basin in Pakistan.

The use of the waters is governed by the 1960 Indus Water Treaty under which India was granted the use of waters from three eastern rivers, and Pakistan the use of three western rivers.

Pakistan says India is unfairly diverting water with the upstream construction of barrages and dams. India denies the charge.

Siachen
Indian and Pakistani forces have faced off in the mountains above the Siachen glacier in the Karakoram range, the world's highest battlefield, since 1984. The two sides have been trying to find a solution that would allow them to withdraw troops, but India says it is unwilling to bring its forces down until Pakistan officially authenticates the positions they hold.

Pakistan has said it is willing to do so but on the condition that it is not a final endorsement of India's claim on the glacier, a source of meltwater for Pakistan's rivers.

Afghanistan
Afghanistan has become a major source of friction, though Indian and Pakistani differences over Pakistan's western neighbour have not been a part of their official talks.

The two countries have long competed for influence there and Pakistan is deeply suspicious of a rise in India's presence after the fall of the Islamabad-backed Taliban government in 2001.

It accuses India of using Afghanistan as a base to create problems inside Pakistan, including backing separatists in Baluchistan. India denies the accusations, saying its focus is on development.

This rivalry is complicating US-led efforts to end an intensifying Taliban insurgency and bring stability to Afghanistan more than eight years after the Taliban were ousted.