Latent TB posing a major threat to public health

Of the two billion Indians diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) every year, over 40% are believed to have hidden latent germs — just waiting to get active. Latent tuberculosis is growing as a major threat and the problem will persist unless public health is safeguarded against various lifestyle diseases and chronic health conditions, say doctors.

Explaining the phenomenon, Dr Srigiri Revdi, senior pulmonologist, SDS Tuberculosis Research Institute and Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases said, “The bacteria remain alive in the body but hidden with the immune system keeping it under control. However, as soon as the immunity is compromised, the germs wake up. Poor diet, addictions such as alcohol and smoking, diabetes, hypertension, liver disorders, HIV and certain drugs often lead to reduction of immunity.”

While the highest TB deaths globally occur in India, the disease is also the leading cause of death among people aged between 15 and 45 — the most productive age group in any country and the key to India’s prospects for continued economic growth.

TB has gone beyond the lungs and now affects bones, skin, stomach, genitals and the eyes. About 25% of total TB cases are believed to occur outside the lungs and its incidence is rising.

“The problem is exacerbated because the majority of cases are misdiagnosed and not treated in time due to unavailability of quality tests and related social stigma. The threat from misuse of antibiotics is also rampant resulting in drug-resistant forms,” said Dr S Jayashree, consultant microbiologist, Apollo Hospitals.

“Early diagnosis and treatment are important for people suffering with TB. If diagnosed early, the person can be treated easily and thus avoid any unnecessary discomfort,” said Jayashree.